ÓÑÇéÌáʾ£ºÈç¹û±¾ÍøÒ³´ò¿ªÌ«Âý»òÏÔʾ²»ÍêÕû£¬Çë³¢ÊÔÊó±êÓÒ¼ü¡°Ë¢Ð¡±±¾ÍøÒ³£¡ÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì·¢ÏÖÈκδíÎóÇë¸æËßÎÒÃÇ£¬Ð»Ð»£¡£¡ ±¨¸æ´íÎó
Ò»ÊÀÊé³Ç ·µ»Ø±¾ÊéĿ¼ ÎÒµÄÊé¼Ü ÎÒµÄÊéÇ© TXTÈ«±¾ÏÂÔØ ½øÈëÊé°É ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©

´ó¹úº£»ê-µÚ4ÕÂ

°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡



×ѲÑó½¢µÄÈÕ±¾Ò²¼¯½áÁËËüÈ«²¿º£¾ü¡£¾¡¹ÜÍõº£µÙºÜ¹ØÐÄÕⳡսÊ£¬Ò»·Ý±¨Ö½Ò²·ÑÁ˲»¼¸¸öÇ®£¬¿Éº£µÙʼÖÕûÓÐÍ£Ï½Ų½¡£

1894Äê7Ô£¬·áµºº£Õ½±¬·¢£¬1894Äê9Ô£¬Æ½ÈÀÕ½Òۺͻƺ£º£Õ½Ë«Ë«Ê§Àû£¬1895Äê2Ô£¬Íþº£ÎÀÉÏÑÝ´óÇå°æµÄ¡°²ÊºçÐж¯¡±£¬±±Ñó½¢¶ÓÈ«¾ü¸²Ã»¡£¾¡¹ÜÍõº£µÙ²»Çå³þÕ½ÕùµÄ¾ßÌå¹ý³Ì£¬¿É±±Ñó½¢¶Ó±¯×³µÄ½á¾ÖºÍ׿¹úÔÚºÚ°µµÄÉîÔ¨ÀïÔ½ÏÝÔ½ÉîµÄÊÂʵËûÈ´Ò»ÃÅÇå¡£

¡°ÎÒ¿ÉÁ¯µÄ׿¹ú£¬²»ÊÇÄãµÄ×ÓËﲻТ£¬¶øÎÒµÄÈ·ÎÞÄÜΪÁ¦Ñ½¡­¡­¡±

´ÓÂëÍ·×ßÀ´£¬»ù¶ûÊÐÇøµÄ·±»ªºÍÏÂÇøÆ¶ÇîÆÆ°ÜµÄ½Ö¾°²»¶ÏºóÍË£¬Ïëµ½ÄÇЩ׳־Äѳ꣬³öʦδ½ÝÏȶöËÀ£¬Íõº£µÙµÄÐÄÇéÓÐЩ·×ÂÒ¡£

ÿһ×ù·±»ªµÄ¶¼Êб³ºó±Ø¶¨Âñ²ØÓÐÎÞÊýѪÀáÐÁËᣬÔÚËü¹âÏÊÁÁÀöµÄÍâ±íϱض¨ÓÐÎÞÊýÄÑÒÔʾÈ˵ÄÒõÓ°¡£ÒªÖªµÀ£¬ÎÞÂÛèóµÙ¸ÔµÄºìÒÂÖ÷½ÌºÍάҲÄÉµÄºÍÆ½Õþ¿ÍÈçºÎ¹Ä´µ£¬Õâ¸öÊÀ½çÖÕ¾¿²»»áÓÐÎÚÍаîʽµÄÈ˼äÌìÌá£

1870ÄêÆÕ·¨Õ½Õùºó£¬ÊýÊ®ÍòÈ˿ڴӵ۹ú¶«²¿Ç¨ÒƵ½Î÷²¿£¬´ÓÉÏ¡¢ÏÂÎ÷ÀïÎ÷ÑǺͲ¨×ÈÄÏ¡¢Î÷ÆÕ³ʿºÍ¶«ÆÕ³ʿÌïÒ°£¬Ó¿Èë°ØÁÖ¡¢»ù¶ûµÈ´ó³ÇÊС£ÄêÇáµÄµÂÒâÖ¾µÛ¹ú¾­ÀúÁËÆäÀúÊ·ÉϹæÄ£×î´ó£¬³ÖÐøÊ±¼ä×µÄÈË¿ÚÇ¨ÒÆÈȳ±¡£»ù¶ûÒ²ÊÇÒÆ¶¯µÄÊÜÒæÕߣ¬ºÜ¶à¶«Å·ºÍ¶«ÆÕÂ³Ê¿ÒÆÃñÍϼҴø¿Ú£¬À´µ½Õâ×ù±»º£Éñ¾ì¹ËµÄº£¸Û¡£

µÄÈ·£¬Î»ÓÚÊÐÖÐÐĵÄÄá¹ÅÀ­´ó½ÌÌúͽÌÌÃǰÓɶ÷Ë¹ÌØ£­°ÍÀ­ºÕËù×÷µÄÓÂʿ֮»êµñËÜÀú¾­·çÓêÒÙÁ¢°ÙÄꣻ½¼ÍâÄÇÒ»Öê°ÙÄêÀÏÏðÊ÷Ï£¬¶àÉÙÃÛÌðµÄ´«ËµºÍ¹ÊÊ»¹ÔÚÃÈÑ¿ºÍ¼ÌÐø£»ÓÐ×ÅεÀ¶É«º£Ë®µÄ»ù¶ûº£Í廹ÔÚ¾²¾²µÄµÈ´ý×ÅÿÄêÒ»¶ÈµÄº½º£ÖÜ£¬ÄÇʱºòÈ«ÊÀ½çµÄ·«´¬°®ºÃÕßÔÆ¼¯»ù¶û£¬Åü²¨Õ¶ÀË£»»ù¶ûº£¾ü»ùµØ£¬³ÐÔØÁ˵ÂÒâÖ¾È˺£¾üÃεÄÈø¿ËÉ­¼¶ºÍ²ªÀ¼µÇ±¤¼¶Ìú¼×½¢Õý¾²¾²Í£²´ÔÚêλÉÏ¡£»ù¶û£¬Õâ¸öµÂ¹úʯÀÕËÕÒæ¸ñ£­ºÕ¶û˹̩ÒòµØÇøµÄÊ׸®£¬µÂ»ÊÍþÁ®ÔËºÓµÄÆðµã£¬²¨Â޵ĺ£Ñذ¶ÖØÒªµÄº£¸Û³ÇÊдÓÀ´¶¼²»·¦ÀÃÂþµÄ·çÇé¡£¿ÉÔÚѧ¹ýÐÄÀíѧµÄÍõº£µÙ¿´À´£¬ËüÒÀÈ»²»ÊǰØÀ­Í¼±ÊϵÄÀíÏë¹ú£¬ÒÀÈ»²»ÊÇζûÐÄÀïµÄÎÚÍа

1894ÄêµÄµÂ¹ú£¬1873Äê¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£¨1£©µÄÓನ¼´½«Ïûɢȥ£¬Òõö²ÒѾ­ÔÚ½¥½¥Ô¶ÀëµÂ¹úÈËÃñ¡£µÛ¹úµÄͳһ´òËéÁ˵ÂÒâÖ¾¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄèäèô£¬Õâ¸öÄêÇáµÄ¹ú¼Ò³±ÆøÅ³äÂúÁËÍúÊ¢µÄ»îÁ¦£¬¿ÉËüµÄͳÖÎÕߺÍÈËÃñ¶¼»¹È±·¦ÖÎÀí¹ú¼ÒµÄ¾­Ñé¡£

·â±Õ¶ø±£ÊصÄÅ©´åÌåϵ±»´òÆÆ£¬ÎÞÊýÒԹŰåÖø³ÆµÄÈݿ˹ó×åÃÇÒ»±ßÌø×ŽÅÖäÂîÒ»ÇÐÐÂÉúÊÂÎһ±ßСÐÄÒíÒíµÄ¿ªÊ¼Í¶×ʹ¤³§ºÍÆóÒµ£»ÊúÁ¢×ÅºÚÆáÆáµÄÑ̴ѵŤ³§±»½¨Á¢£¬¹ÅÀϵijÇǽ±»ÍƵ½ÁË£¬Ë®Çåɳ°×µÄÀ³ÒðºÓ½¥Ç÷ÎÛ×Ç£¬³ÇÊÐÏñÒ»Ö»ÍÌÊÉÒ»ÇеĹÖÊÞ£¬ÒÔ¼¸ºÎ±¶ÊýÀ©ÕÅ£»Å©Ãñ±»°þ¶áÁËÍÁµØ£¬ÔÚ×ʱ¾¼ÒµÄÇýʹÏÂÀ´µ½³äÂú»úÓöºÍÔÖÄѵijÇÊУ¬ÓÖÒòΪÐÂÐ˵ŤÉÌÒµÕßÎÞÇµÄѹÆÈµ¼ÖÂ1889Äê³¶ûºÍÉÏÎ÷ÀïÎ÷Ñǹ¤ÈË´ó°Õ¹¤¡£

ÔÚ»ù¶ûÊеĶ«ÄϽǣ¬´óƬ´óƬµÄľÅïÎݺÍǧƪһÂɵÄÑó»Òƽ·¿ÔÓÂÒÎÞÕÂµÄ¶ÑÆö£¬´Ó¹¤ÒµÇøÆ®¹ýÀ´µÄÑ̳¾ÖÕÈÕÃÖÉ¢²»È¥£¬×ÔÏÂË®¹ÜµÀÀïÓ¿ÉϵĹ¤ÒµºÍÉú»îÎÛË®ÔÚµÀ·ÉÏËÁÒâÁ÷ÌÊ£¬ÎÞÊýÔÚ¼¢¶öºÍÎÂů֮¼äÕõÔú×ŵį¶ÃñÃÇÍÏ×ÅÆ£¾ë²»¿°µÄÉíÇûËÄ´¦±¼²¨£¬³ÇÊйý¶ÈÀ©ÕÅËù´øÀ´µÄ¶ñ¹ûÏÔ¶ÎÞÒÉÕâÀïÊÇ»ù¶ûÊÐÕþ¹ÙÔ±¿ÌÒâºöÊÓµÄÂù»ÄÖ®µØ£¬ÊÇÃÀÂÖÃÀÛ¼µÄ»ù¶û±³ºóÒ»µÀÃØ²»Ê¾È˵ÄÉ˰̣¬ÕâÀïÓеÄÖ»ÊDZ©Á¦¡¢¼¢¶ö¡¢µÈ´ýºÍÀDZ·µÄÌÓÀë¡£

ÓêºóµÄƶÃñÇøÔ¶Ã»ÓÐÈËÃÇÏëÏóµÄÄÇôÂüÃÂúÊÇÁîÈ˾øÍûµÄ»ÒÉ«µ÷¡£º£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·ÎϾӵÄÄÇÒ»¶°ÆÆ°ÜµÄСľÎÝ£¬±»³æÖûÁ˵Äľ°åºÍ¾É¼£°ß°ßµÄ·ÀË®ÃÉÆ¤×èµ²²»ÁË»ýË®µÄÉøÍ¸£¬°é×ÅÉøÈ˵ÄÓêµÎÉùºÍÎÞ±ßÎÞ¼ÊµÄÆáºÚ£¬³±ÊªºÍ¸¯ÀÃµÄÆøÏ¢ÔÚÎÝ×ÓÀï×ÌÂû¡£

»ð²ñ»®À­µÄÉùÒôºÍÅÄÊÖÉù½»ÌæÏìÆð£¬ÔÚ²¼ÀÊÌØµÄËôʹϸÕÅàÑøÆðÀ´µÄÑÌñ«Ë²¼ä±»°²ÄÝÆËÃð£¬Ò»Ð¡Æ¬¾É±¨Ö½ºÍÁÓÖÊÑÌÒ¶¶ÙʱɢÂäÒ»µØ¡£Íõº£µÙµÄÁÚ¾Ó£¬Ë®¹ûÉÌ··Ê·Èð¿ËÌØ¼ÒµÄСٶù°²ÄݶÔËûö·ÑÀßÖ×죬һ¸±Äã¸Ò¼ñÆðÀ´ÎҾͺÍÄãÆ´ÃüµÄ¼ÜÊÆ¡£

¡°»¹Èò»ÈÃÈË×°Éî³ÁÍæÓÇÓôÄÅ£¿¡±¾¡¹ÜºÜÁôÁµÏãÑ̵ÄζµÀ£¬¿ÉÍõº£µÙ²»¸ÒÊÔ̽С°²Äݵĵ×Ïߣ¬Ö»µÃã¬ã¬Êջػð²ñºÐ£¬Ð¡ÐİÚŪËûÊÓÈôÕ䱦µÄ»­¾ß¡£

ÁÙ½üÍí·¹Ê±¼ä£¬¸Õ´ÓÂëÍ·»ØÀ´µÄ°áÔ˹¤º£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·³Ã×ÅÉÕË®µÄ¹¦·ò£¬ÍµµÃÒ»µãµãÏÐϾ£¬ÔÚľÅïÎÝÍâ¼ÓÆðÁË»­°å¡£½è×ÅÎÝÍâ²Òµ­µÄ¹âÏߣ¬Íõº£µÙ×øÔÚС°åµÊÉÏ£¬×¥×Åһֻ֧ʣϱÊÍ·µÄËØÃè±Ê£¬Íá×ÅÄÔ´üÊÔͼÔÚÃãÇ¿ÞÛÆ½Á˵ķÏÖ½Éϸ´ÖÆËû¶ÔÕâ¸öÊÀ½çµÄÓ¡Ïó¡£Ê®ÎåËêµÄС°²ÄÝÕý·üÔÚÍõº£µÙµÄ±³ÉÏ£¬ÕÅÑÀÎèצµÄÇ¿ÆÈÍõº£µÙΪËý»­Ò»·ù³µ¾Õ²Ý¡£

°×Ãè¹´ÀÕ¡¢¹¤±Êϸġ¡¢ÒõÓ°µ×ÎÆ£¬´óѧʱΪÁË׷СŮÓÑÌØµØÇÚѧ¿àÁ·µÄÃÀÊõ¹¦µ×»¹ÔÚ£¬°²ÄÝÒ²Ò»Ö±ÔÚÍõº£µÙ¶úÅÏÈÂȳéʱ¼äÈ¥¿´³µ¾Õ²Ý£¬µ«ÊÇÆ£¾ëµÄÍõº£µÙ¶àÉÙÓÐЩÐIJ»ÔÚÑÉ¡£Ò»·ÖÐÄ£¬Ò»Ö»É«ÔóÑÞÀöÐÎ̬ÓÕÈ˵Äkfc¿¾¼¦Ó¡ÔÚÁËÖ½ÉÏ¡£Íõº£µÙÕâ²ÅÏëÆðÀ´£¬ËûÒѾ­ºÜ¾ÃûÕý¾­³Ô¹ý·¹ÁË¡£

¡°Õâ¾ÍÊÇÄãËÍÎҵijµ¾Õ²Ý£¿¡±°²ÄݵÄ×ì¾ïµÄ¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔ¹ÒÉÏÒ»Ö»½´ÓÍÆ¿ÁË£¬Íõº£µÙÎæ×ſտÕÈçÒ²µÄθ£¬Ì¯ÁË̯ÊÖÞÏÞÎÍò·Ö£¬ºÃÔÚÓÐÈË×ªÒÆÁ˰²ÄݵÄ×¢ÒâÁ¦¡£

¡¨º£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·ÏÈÉú£¬ÓÐÄúµÄÐżþ¡£¡¨Ò»Á¾»úÆ÷½Å̤³µ´©½Ö¹ýÏͣÔÚÁËľÅïÎÝǰµÄÄàŢСµÀÉÏ¡£´©×ÅÄ«ÂÌɫ֯·þÂúÉíÄàµãµÄÓʲî´Ó¿æ°üÀïÌͳöÒ»·Ý¿ì¼þ£¬×Ðϸ±È¶ÔÁËÃÅÅÆ£¬³¯Íõº£µÙº°µÀ¡£

¡¨ÎÒµÄÐżþ£¿¡¨Íõº£µÙÊÕÆðÁË»­±Ê£¬¾ª²ïµÀ¡£³ýÁËÈÈÁµÖеĿ­ÉªÁÕ£¬Íõº£µÙÏë²»³ö»áÓÐË­¼ÄПøËû£¬¼Ä¸øÒ»¸ö¾ÓסÔÚ»ù¶ûÏÂÇø£¬Ò»±²×Óû³ö¹ý»ù¶ûµÄÇîС×Ó¡£

¡¨Èç¹ûÄúÊǺ£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·ÏÈÉúµÄ»°¡£¡¨ÓʲîÐé²È׎Å̤£¬ÉÆÒâµÄµ÷ЦµÀ¡£

Íõº£µÙ½ôÁ˽ôÃãÇ¿Ì×ÔÚ½ÅÉϵÄÄÇË«Ã÷ÏÔ²»ºÏ½ÅµÄÆÆÐ¬£¬Ò»È³Ò»¹ÕµÄÅÜÁËÈ¥¹ý£¬½Ó¹ýÓʲîÊÖÀïµÄÐÅ¡£

ÄÇÊÇÒ»·Ý°ü×°¾«Ö»ªÃÀµÄÐÅ£¬°×Ñ©µÄÐÅ·âÉÏÓ¡Óк鱤ÐֵܵĻ­Ïñ¡£Íõº£µÙÒþÔ¼²Â×ÅÁËÐŵijö´¦£¬ÓÐЩ³Ï»Ì³Ï¿Ö£¬Õ´ÂúǦӡÎÛÎïµÄÔàÊÖÔÚÀϾɵÄÒ·þÉϲÁÁËÓÖ²Á£¬Ö±µ½Ö¸¼âÎÛ¼£ÏÂÄÇÒ»²ãºñºñµÄÀϼëÒѾ­ÇåÎú¿É¼û£¬º£µÙÕâ²ÅÉìÊÖ½Ó¹ýÄÇ·ÝÇáÆ®Æ®µÄÐÅ¡£

¡¨¹§Ï²ÄúÁË£¬Î÷À³Ä·£­º£µÙÏÈÉú£¬Äܹ»±»°ØÁÖ´óѧ¼ȡ£¬Äú¿ÉËãÊÇΪ»ù¶ûÏÂÇøÈËÕõÁËÒ»¿ÚÆøÁË¡£¡¨µÂÒâÖ¾ÈËËØÀ´ÓÐ×ðÖØÖªÊ¶µÄ´«Í³£¬ÓÊ²î´ø×ÅÓÉÖÔµÄЦÒ⣬ÅÄÁËÅĺ£µÙ¿×ÎäÓÐÁ¦µÄ±Û°ò¹§ºØµÀ¡£

¡°ÊǰØÁÖ´óѧ£¿¡±Ð¡°²ÄݵɴóÁËÑÛÉñ£¬ËÀËÀÎæ×Å×ìÒ»Á³¾ªÏ²¡£¡°ÊǰØÁÖ´óѧ£¡¡±

°ØÁÖ´óѧ£¬Ô­Ãû°ØÁÖ¸¥ÀïÌØÀïÏ££­ÍþÁ®´óѧ£¬×ùÂäÔÚ°ØÁÖÊÐÖÐÐÄ£¬ËùÔÚµØÊÇÔ­ÏȵĺºÀûÏ£Íõ×ÓÍõ¹¬¡£°ØÁÖ´óѧÊǵ¹úÊ×¶¼°ØÁÖ×î¹ÅÀϵĴóѧ£¬1809ÄêÓɵ¹úÀúÊ·ÉÏ×îÖøÃûµÄ½ÌÓý¼Òºé±¤ÏÈÉú´´°ì£¬ÄËÊǵÂÒâÖ¾¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýµÄÒ¡Àº£¬µÂÒâÖ¾áÈÆðµÄÆðµã¡£µÂ¹úµÄ´óѧʵÐеÄÊǾ«Ó¢½ÌÓý£¬±ÏÒµÖ®ºó´ó¶àÄܹ»³ÉΪÕþ¸®µÄС¹«ÎñÔ±»òÕßÊÇ´óÆóÒµµÄÖ°Ô±£¬Íõº£µÙÄÜ¿¼ÉÏÍòÖÐȡһµÄ°ØÁÖ´óѧҲ¾ÍÒâζ×ÅËûÄܹ»ÌÓÀë»ù¶ûƶÃñÇøÕâÆ¬ÈÃÈ˾øÍûµÄµØÓò£¬Ìì¿Õ½«»áÊÇËûµÄ¼«ÏÞ¡£ÓмøÓÚ´Ë£¬ÎÞ¹ÖºõÈÈÐĵÄÓʲî»áÓÃÌæËû»÷½Ú½ÐºÃ¡£

È¨ÊÆ±È²»ÉϹٶþ´ú£¬²Æ¸»±È²»Éϸ»¶þ´ú£¬¸ß¿¼×ÜÄÜ¿¼¹ýËûÃǰɡ£±§×ű¯×³µÄÐÄÀí£¬ÔÚ¸»ÓÐÔ¶¼ûµÄº£ÉªÞ±µÄ´ß´ÙÏ£¬Íõº£µÙÎÞÊÓµÙÄ·¿ËÀÕ¸ñ¶ûÖÐѧͬѧµÄÀä³°ÈÈ·í£¬ÅüÍ·¸ÇÁ³µÄ±¨¿¼Á˰ØÁÖ´óѧ¡£×÷ΪʷÉÏ×îÎÑÄҵĴ©Ô½¿Í£¬Íõº£µÙÖÕÓÚ×öÁËÒ»¼þÃãÇ¿ÅäµÃÉÏ´©Ô½¿ÍÉí·ÝµÄ·á¹¦Î°¼¨¡£

Íõº£µÙ¼¤Ô½µÄÐÄÇéûÄܳÖÐøºÜ³¤Ê±¼ä£¬Ïëµ½º£ÉªÞ±µÄ²¡Ç飬³ÁÖØµÄÕ®ÎñºÍ¾øÇéµÄÊ©Äε¾˾ˣ¬Íõº£µÙµÄºÃÐÄÇé˲¼äһɨ¶ø¿Õ¡£

ÓʲîÒѾ­Æï³µ×ßÔ¶£¬ÊªäõäõµÄ¿ÕÆøÖÐËÆºõ»¹²ÐÁô×ÅÓʲîÂÔ´øÇÕÏÛµÄÔ޸衣Íõº£µÙÄÇÖ»¾­³£°áÖØÎïµÄÊÖ°´ÔÚÁËÐÅ·âÉÏ£¬ÐÄÇ鸴ÔÓ¶ø¾À½á£¬¿àЦ×Å˺¿ªÁËÄÇ·âÐÅ¡£

¸ÇÓÐУ³¤Ë½ÈËÓ¡¼ø¡¢Öʵؾ«Á¼µÄÐÅֽƮÁ˳öÀ´¡£ÐŲ¢²»³¤£¬Ò²Ã»ÓкóÊÀÄϾ©Àí¹¤´óѧ¼ȡ֪ͨÊéÄǰ㻨ÍŽõ´Ø¡£Ò»ÈçµÂ¹ú´óѧÖÎѧ֮ÑϽ÷£¬ÐÅÀïÖ»Ìáµ½ÁËÍõº£µÙµÄ¼ȡרҵ¡¢¿ªÑ§ÈÕÆÚºÍ×¢ÒâÊÂÏ¿É¾ÍÊÇÕâôÁÈÁȰÙÊ®¸ö×Ö£¬È´ÈÃÍõº£µÙÄÚÐÄ·­½­µ¹º£ÎåζÔӳ¡£

Íõº£µÙÍû×ÅÄÇÕÅ֪ͨÊ飬¶Ô×ÅÐÅ·âÉϵĺ鱤Ðֵܻ­Ïñ£¬ÓÌÔ¥µÀ£º¡¨ÊǰØÁÖ»¹ÊÇ»ù¶û£¿¡¨

°²ÄÝÅüÊÖ¶á¹ýÍõº£µÙÊÖÖеÄÐÅ£¬¾¡¹Üʶ×Ö²»¶à£¬È´ÒÀÈ»ºÃÆæµÄ½«ÄÇÕű¡±¡µÄÐÅÖ½µßÀ´µ¹È¥µÄ¿´£¬Ëƺõ±ÈÍõº£µÙ±¾ÈË»¹ÒªÐË·Ü¡£

¡°Õ⻹ÓõÃ×Å¿¼ÂÇÂ𣿵±È»ÊÇÈ¥°ØÁÖÀ²£¡¡±

£¨×¢ÊÍ£©

1¡£1873Äê¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£º19ÊÀ¼Í³ÖÐøÊ±¼ä×¡¢´ò»÷×îΪ³ÁÖØµÄÒ»´Î¾­¼ÃΣ»ú£¬ÆäÓ°Ïì´Ó1873ÄêÒ»Ö±³ÖÐøµ½19ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©¡££»

¡¡µÚÒ»Õ¡¡ÊǰØÁÖ»¹ÊÇ»ù¶û£¨Èý£©

ÆáºÚµÄľÅïÎÝÀСú¯µÄ¯»ðÕýÍú£¬·ÐË®ÔÚË®ºøÀïÉÏÏ·­ÌÚ£¬ÖËÈȵÄË®ÕôÆø²»¶Ï³å¼·×źø¸Ç£¬ÅéÅé×÷Ïì¡£¡¡/°²ÄÝ»¹ÔÚ»¶ºôȸԾ£¬Íõº£µÙÈ´ÅüÊÖ¶á»ØÄÇ·ÝÐÅ£¬½«ËüÈû»ØÉÏÒ¿ڴüÉî´¦£¬Ò»Í·Ôú½øºÚ°µÖС£

Ò»µãÐÇ»ð×ÔºÚ°µÖл®¹ý£¬°é×Ŵ̱ǵİ×Á×棬Íõº£µÙ°ÎÆðúÓ͵ƵĵÆÕÖ£¬Óûð²ñµã×ÅÁ˵ÆÐ¾£¬É²ÄǼ䣬°µºÚµÄСÎÝ×ÓÀ↑ʼÓÐÁ˵ãµã΢ãµÄ¹âÁÁ¡£

¡¨ÓÖûµÆÓÍÁË¡£¡¨Íû×ÅúÓ͵ÆÀïËùÊ£ÎÞ¼¸µÄúÓÍ£¬Íõº£µÙÈ̲»×¡Ìͳö¿Ú´üÀïÄǼ¸¿éÎå·ÒÄáÄø±Ò£¬³îü¿àÁ³µÄ²¦Åª×Å¡£¸ÐлËÀÉËÎÞÊýµÄ1889Äê´ó°Õ¹¤£¬Èõ۹ú¶Ô¹¤ÈËÍ×Э£¬½¨Á¢ÆðÏà¶Ô±È½ÏÍêÉÆµÄ¹«¹²¸£ÀûÌåϵ£¬ÈÃÍõº£µÙ¿ÉÒÔÁìµ½Ò»±ÊÁîÈ˺®í׵ľÈÖú½ð¡£

ÓµÓÐ»á¼Æ´ÓÒµ×ʸñÖ¤µÄÍõº£µÙêþ×ÅÊÖÖ¸£¬ÄÍ×ÅÐÔ×ÓËã¼ÆÕâЩÁ¬Ð¡Ñ§Éú¶¼²»Ð¼ÓÚ×öµÄËãÊõ£¬Èüè¿àµÄÉú»î»¹ÄܼÌÐøÏÂÈ¥¡£

¡¨Ã²ËÆÓÖÊÇÒ»±Ê²»·ÆµÄ¿ªÖ§Ñ½¡­¡­¡¨

¡¨º£µÙ£¬Îҵĺ¢×Ó£¬Äã²»ÓÃÉÏѧȥÂ𣿡¨Ä¾ÅïÎÝÉî´¦´«À´Á˲ÔÀϺÍÐéÈõµÄÉùÒô£¬½ô½Ó×ÅÊÇ´²°åÊÜѹ·¢³öµÄ¿©Ö¨Éù¡£

ÄÇÊǺ£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·²¡ÖصÄĸÇ׺£ÉªÞ±µÄÉùÒô£¬Íõº£µÙæ¾ÙÆðúÓ͵Æ×ßÁ˹ýÈ¥¡£

¡¨º£ÉªÞ±£¬ÎÒÒѾ­ÖÐѧ±ÏÒµÁË¡£¡¨

Ëæ×ŵƻðµÄÆÈ½ü£¬º£ÉªÞ±¹ÇÊÝÈç²ñµÄÉíÓ°½¥½¥ÏÔ¶³öÀ´¡£²»µ½Èý¸öÔµÄʱ¼ä£¬º£ÉªÞ±µÄ²¡¼±¾ç¶ñ»¯£¬ÒѾ­Êǰ©Ö¢ÍíÆÚ¡£Ëý̱ÔÚ´²ÉÏÑÙÑÙһϢ£¬ÓÉÓÚÄÑÒÔ²¹³äÓªÑø£¬Õû¸öÉíÌå¶¼°¼ÏÝÏÂÈ¥£¬Á¬ÐØÇ°ÌõÌõ¿é¿éµÄ¹Ç÷ÀÂöÂç¶¼ÇåÎú¿É¼û£¬ËýµÄÍ··¢ÒѾ­ÍêÈ«µôÂ䣬ֻʣϹâͺͺµÄÄÔ¿Ç£¬ÔÚ²Òµ­µÄµÆ»ðÏ£¬º£ÉªÞ±¾ÍºÃÏñÀ´×ÔµØÓüµÄ÷¼÷ÃÈË¡£

Íõº£µÙ¸Õ´©Ô½¹ýÀ´µÄʱºò£¬º£ÉªÞ±ÒѾ­Êǰ©Ö¢ÖÐÆÚ£¬ËýÏò¼ÒÈËÒþÂ÷Á˲¡Ç飬ϸÐÄÕÕÁÏÓ¢ÐÛ¾ÈÃÀÍ·²¿ÑÏÖØÊÜÉ˵ÄÍõº£µÙ£¬°Ñ×îºÃµÄ³ÔµÄ£¬°º¹óµÄÒ©Îï¶¼Áô¸øÁ˺£µÙ£¬Ö±µ½ËýÔÙÒ²Õ¾²»ÆðÀ´¡£Êܲ¡Í´µÄÓ°Ï죬º£ÉªÞ±ÔçÒÑʧÃ÷ÁË£¬¶øÇÒ¾ø´ó²¿·Öʱ¼ä¶¼ÓÐЩÉñÖ¾²»Çå¡£¿É¼´±ãÕâÑù£¬³öÓÚһλĸÇ×¶Ô¶ù×Ó±¾Äܵİ®£¬ËýÒÀÈ»¹ØÐĺ£µÙµÄѧϰ¡£

Íõº£µÙ´©Ô½¹ýÀ´£¬Æ½°×Î޹ʵÄÕ¼¾ÝÁ˺£µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·µÄÉíÌ壬ƽ°×Î޹ʵÄÏíÊܺ£ÉªÞ±ºÍ¸¥À×Î÷²»²ôÔÓһ˿ÔÓÖʵİ®£¬¼ÈÈ»»Ø²»È¥ÁË£¬Íõº£µÙÒ²¾Í°Ñº£ÉªÞ±ºÍ¸¥À×Î÷µ±³É×Ô¼ºµÄÇ×ÈË£¬¾öÐĺúÃТ¾´ËûÃÇ£¬Ì溣µÙ£­Î÷À³Ä·¾¡µ½ËûÓ¦¾¡µÄÒåÎñ¡£

¡¨Å¶£¬Íí·¹Ê±¼äµ½ÁËÂ𣿡¨º£ÉªÞ±¿Ú³Ý²»ÇåµÄÎʵÀ£º¡°¸Ã³Ô·¹Á˰ɡ£¡±

Íõº£µÙµãµãÍ·£¬½«ÆÌÁËËé²¼µÄС²Í×ÀÍÏÁ˹ýÀ´£¬°Ñ×°ÓкìÌÇË®µÄ±­×ÓºÍÒ»¿é¸É°Í°ÍµÄºÚÃæ°üÒ»Æë·ÅÁËÉÏÈ¥¡£º£ÉªÞ±Ã»ÓÐÆøÁ¦¶À×Ô½øÊ³£¬Íõº£µÙ½«²ÔÀϵĺ£ÉªÞ±·öÁËÆðÀ´£¬ÄÃÆðÄÇ¿éÓ²°î°îµÄºÚÃæ°ü½«Ëüêþ³ÉС¿é£¬¾ÍןìÌÇˮһµãÒ»µãµÄι¸øËý³Ô¡£

¡¨º£µÙ£¬ÄãÔõô²»³Ô£¿¡¨º£ÉªÞ±¼û¶ù×Ó×ÔʼÖÁÖÕ¶¼Ã»Óж¯¹ýÍëµúµ¶²æ£¬Æ²Í·Í·ÒÉ»óµÀ¡£

¡¨ÎÒ³Ô¹ýÁË¡£¡¨²»¶àʱ£¬ÄÇһС¿éºÚÃæ°üÔÚÍõº£µÙµÄÖ¸¼âÏûʧ²»¼û£¬
·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨1£© ²È£¨2£©
δÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡
ÎÂܰÌáʾ£º ο´Ð¡ËµµÄͬʱ·¢±íÆÀÂÛ£¬Ëµ³ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¿´·¨ºÍÆäËüС»ï°éÃÇ·ÖÏíÒ²²»´íŶ£¡·¢±íÊéÆÀ»¹¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±Àø£¬ÈÏÕæÐ´Ô­´´ÊéÆÀ ±»²ÉÄÉΪ¾«ÆÀ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ´óÁ¿½ð±Ò¡¢»ý·ÖºÍ¾­Ñé½±ÀøÅ¶£¡