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NARRATOR： So Milton Friedman； the most famous freemarket economist in the world； came to lecture in Chile。
旁白：于是米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman），这位世界上最著名的自由市场经济学家，来到了智利并作了演讲。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： I went down to Chile and spent five days giving a series of lectures on the Chilean problem； particularly the problem of inflation and how they should proceed to do something about it。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：我去了智利，并用5天的时间做了一系列关于智利问题的演讲，尤其是对通货膨胀问题，还谈到了他们该采取何种制止通货膨胀的措施。
NARRATOR： Friedman's first talk was at the Catholic University。 His theme： the inescapable link between free markets and freedom。
旁白：弗里德曼（Fridman）的首次演讲是在天主大学（Catholic University），主题是：自由市场与自由的必然联系。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The emphasis of that talk was that free markets would undermine political centralization and political control。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：那次讲座的主题是自由市场将削弱政治集权和政治操控。
ARNOLD HARBERGER： He said that that you cannot have a repressive government for long within a genuinely free economic system。
阿诺德。哈勃（Arnold Harberger）：他说，在一个真正的自由经济体系中，不能有一个长期专制的政府。
NARRATOR： But Friedman was also persuaded to visit the grim conference center from which Pinochet ruled Chile。 Friedman told Pinochet that he needed to take decisive and immediate action to defeat inflation。
旁白：但弗里德曼（Fridman）也被说服，去参观了皮诺切特藉以统治智利的冷酷的会议中心。弗里德曼对皮诺切特讲，他必须立即采取果断的措施来制止通货膨胀。
JAVIER VIAL： Friedman says： "；Well； I'm going to give you an example。 If you cut the tail to a dog in pieces； step by step you will kill the dog。 This is the same as inflation。 You have to cut it at once； and then the country will start moving。"；
贾威尔。维拉（Javier Vial）：弗里德曼，“好吧，我给你举个例子，假如你一段一段地剁一条狗的尾巴，慢慢地你就会杀死这条狗，通货膨胀也是一样的，你必须立即遏制它，整个国家经济才会开始动起来。
ARNOLD HARBERGER： Milton's presence probably helped to stiffen the spine of people who were trying to insist on better economic policies。 That's the period when the takeoff of the Chilean economy really began and major reforms were made。
阿诺德。哈勃（Arnold Harberger）：米尔顿的到来的确使那些坚决要求更好的经济政策的人们腰杆子挺了起来，正是在这一时期，智利经济真正开始好转了，许多重大改革相继出台。
NARRATOR： In Santiago； the junta called on the Chicago Boys to rescue the economy。 Five hundred stateowned businesses were privatized。 Government budgets were cut。 Import tariffs were swept away。 The markets were given free rein。
旁白：在圣地亚哥，军政府号召芝加哥男孩来拯救经济。于是，他们对500家国有企业实现了私有化，政府预算被大量削减，进口关税被取消了，市场又恢复了自由。
SERGIO DE CASTRO： The basic thrust was to increase exports and abolish artificial price controls。
塞尔吉奥。卡斯特罗（Sergio De Castro）：基本的措施是要增加出口，并抛弃人为的价格控制。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： Here was the first case in which you had a movement toward munism which was replaced by a movement toward free markets。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：这是第一个共产主义运动被自由市场运动所取代的实例。
NARRATOR： There was much pain for the poorest。 The cost of living went through the roof。 The gap between rich and poor got wider； and stayed that way。
旁白：最贫困的人承受了深重的痛苦，生活成本与日俱增，贫富差距日益扩大，并且还在继续扩大。
ALEJANDRO FOXLEY； Finance Minister； Chile； 19901994： They were starting a very big process of transformation of the economy without any regard of what happened to people。 And we ended up at one point in time with 30 percent unemployment rate。
智利财政部长（19901994）阿里加多。弗克利（Alejandro Foxley）：一个非常巨大的经济转型工作进程开始了，而完全没有考虑到对百姓的影响，结果，我们在某个时候失业率曾经达到了30％。
NARRATOR： According to the Chicago Boys； the gain was worth the pain。 Chile became the fastest growing economy in Latin America。
旁白：芝加哥男孩们认为，这样做收益是大于痛苦的，是值得的。智利成为了拉丁美洲经济增长速度最快的国家。
ALEJANDRO FOXLEY： They were able to start a process of deregulating the markets； opening up the economy； so that's their contribution。 They were able to anticipate a global trend； and Chile has benefited from that。
阿里加多。弗克利（Alejandro Foxley）：他们开始了放松市场管制的进程，他们开放了经济，这是他们的贡献。他们预测到了一个全球化的趋势，智利也因此而受益。
INTERVIEWER： But at a price？
记者：但代价呢？
ALEJANDRO FOXLEY： At a very high price； believe me。 At a very high human price。
阿里加多。弗克利（Alejandro Foxley）：代价非常高昂，真的，非常大的人类代价。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The Chilean economy did very well； but more important； in the end； the Chilean military junta was replaced by a democratic society。 Free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：智利的经济运行得非常好，但更重要的是，智利的民主社会最终替代了军人政府。自由市场确实带来了一个自由社会。
NARRATOR： This is the monument to the 2；400 who died or disappeared during the dictatorship。 The brutality of Pinochet's regime left little enthusiasm for change in the rest of Latin America。
旁白：这是对独裁统治时期死亡和失踪的2400人的纪念，皮诺切特政权的残暴统治在拉丁美洲其它国家几乎没有带来任何变革的热情。
CLIVE CROOK； Deputy Editor； The Economist： The fact that the Pinochet regime was politically unsavory allowed the left to make an association between market reforms on the one hand and repressive authoritarian governments on the other； and that was a terribly damaging connection。
《经济学家》（Economist）杂志的副主编克利夫。克鲁克（Clive Crook）：皮诺切特政权声名狼藉，使得左派将市场化改革与强制性的独裁政府之间达成联合，而这是一个非常可怕的有害的联合。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： The intellectual elite； as it were； were on the side of Allende； not on the side of Pinochet。 They regarded me as a traitor for having been willing to talk in Chile。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：知识分子的精英们站在了阿兰德（Allende）一边，而非皮诺切特一边。他们把我当作判逆者，因为我到智利发表了演讲。
ARNOLD HARBERGER： Friedman then became a figure of hate； and they anized demonstrations against him wherever he went； and this went on for a period of years。
阿诺德。哈勃（Arnold Harberger）：弗里德曼变成了一个被憎恨的人物，无论弗里德曼走到哪，他们都会有组织###来抗议他，这种情况持续了好几年的时间。
NARRATOR： The protests reached their climax when Friedman was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1976。
旁白：当弗里德曼于1976年获得诺贝尔经济学奖时，这种抗议更是达到了高潮。
MILTON FRIEDMAN： At the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm； I was subject to abuse in the sense that there were large demonstrations against me。 There was a concerted effort to tar and feather me。
米尔顿。弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）：在斯德哥尔摩的诺贝尔颁奖大会上，有一些大型的###在反对我，我受到了遭难与漫骂，有人专门致力于丑化和贬低我。
CLIVE CROOK： In the minds of many people； the reforms in Chile were tainted by the political caste of the regime that did set back the cause of liberal economics。 It made other countries more resistant to the idea of market reforms than they otherwise would have been。
克利夫。克鲁克（Clive Crook）：在许多人心目中，智利的改革受到了政府的一些政治团体的玷污，这确实阻碍了自由经济的进程，这使得其它国家更加抵制市场化改革的思想。
Chapter 8： Heresy in the USSR ＇8：08＇
第八章： 苏联的异端
Onscreen title： The Kremlin； Moscow
字幕标题：莫斯科，克里姆里林宫
NARRATOR： The economic reforms in Chile may have had little immediate impact on the world； but the ideas behind them were gaining momentum。 In the Soviet Union； where the aged leadership was dying off and the economy was moribund； people were starting to question the system。
旁白：智利的经济改革可能并没有立刻对世界产生什么影响，但是它背后的信念正在积聚着动力。在苏联，当老迈的领导政权奄奄一息，经济行将崩溃时，人们开始质疑这样的体制。
DANIEL YERGIN： By the 1970s and '80s； it was being clear to the better informed that the Soviet system really wasn't working； but they couldn't really talk about it publicly。 They talked about it in their kitchens； they talked about it in small groups。 But it was not something that could be talked about in the public。
丹尼尔。尤金（Daniel Yergin）：到70年代和80年代，对那�